SS-31

SS-31 (also called elamipretide, MTP-131 or Bendavia) is a short synthetic tetrapeptide with an aromatic, cell-permeable structure. It is used in laboratory studies of mitochondrial membranes and oxidative stress.

Research applications

SS-31 is used as a research tool in studies of mitochondrial function, cardiolipin interactions and reactive oxygen species. Published work has examined it in kidney, heart, metabolic and inflammation models. This product is sold for laboratory research use only.

Pathway and mechanistic context

In the literature, SS-31 is described as associating with cardiolipin, a lipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane that supports the electron transport chain. Studies also report effects on reactive oxygen species signaling and on proteins such as FIS1, SIRT1 and NF-kappaB in cell and animal systems.

Preclinical summary

Rodent studies have looked at ATP recovery and tissue structure after induced kidney ischemia. Canine and human heart-tissue studies have measured mitochondrial respiration and left ventricular readouts, and cell culture work has examined microglial inflammatory markers. These are laboratory and model findings.

Form and analytical testing

Supplied as a lyophilized powder. Identity and purity are normally confirmed by HPLC and mass spectrometry. Refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot you receive.

References

1. H. H. Szeto et al. , “Mitochondria-Targeted Peptide Accelerates ATP Recovery and Reduces Ischemic Kidney Injury,” J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN , vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1041–1052, Jun. 2011, doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010080808. Source
2. M. P. Siegel et al. , “Mitochondrial targeted peptide rapidly improves mitochondrial energetics and skeletal muscle performance in aged mice,” Aging Cell , vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 763–771, Oct. 2013, doi: 10.1111/acel.12102. Source
3. A. V. Birk et al. , “The Mitochondrial-Targeted Compound SS-31 Re-Energizes Ischemic Mitochondria by Interacting with Cardiolipin,” J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN , vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 1250–1261, Jul. 2013, doi: 10.1681/ASN.2012121216. Source
4. K. C. Chatfield et al. , “Elamipretide Improves Mitochondrial Function in the Failing Human Heart,” JACC Basic Transl. Sci. , vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 147–157, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.12.005. Source
5. H. N. Sabbah, R. C. Gupta, S. Kohli, M. Wang, S. Hachem, and K. Zhang, “Chronic Therapy With Elamipretide (MTP-131), a Novel Mitochondria-Targeting Peptide, Improves Left Ventricular and Mitochondrial Function in Dogs With Advanced Heart Failure,” Circ. Heart Fail. , vol. 9, no. 2, p. e002206, Feb. 2016, doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002206. Source
6. I. Escribano-Lopez et al. , “The mitochondrial antioxidant SS-31 increases SIRT1 levels and ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in type 2 diabetes,” Sci. Rep. , vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–10, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34251-8. Source

Peptides are shipped lyophilized (freeze-dried), a state that keeps them stable in transit. Keep vials cold and away from light on arrival.

• Short term: refrigeration below 4°C (39°F) is generally suitable for lyophilized material held for days to months.
• Long term: a freezer at -80°C (-112°F) is preferred for storage over several months or years.
• After reconstitution: keep the vial refrigerated. Reconstituted material is generally kept for up to 30 days.